Risk Factors and Fetomaternal Out Come of Placenta Previa at Teaching Hospital Khairpur

Abstract

  ABSTRACT

Objectives: To explore the relative risk factors for placenta previa and to measure the maternal and perinatal complications with placenta previa at teaching hospital, so that a preventive strategy can be made to optimize fetomaternal outcome. 

Study Design: Prospective descriptive study.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghulam Mohammad Maher Medical College Hospital, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan from 1^st January to 31^st December 2011.

Materials and Methods: All Patients who presented with antepartum hemorrhage and diagnosed on ultrasound as placenta previa were included in this study. A total of 161dignosed cases of placenta previa were included in the study. The data was collected on predesigned proforma and analyzed on SPSS version 15.

Results: Total obstetric admission was 2796 during study period and frequency of placenta previa was 161 (5.7%), Mean maternal age was 31.09+5.38. Mean were 3.4 for parity and 4.8 for gravidity. The ratio between unbooked and booked cases was 3:1. Maternal and perinatal morbidity was very high with increased rate of caesarean section 110(83.9%), 20 patients received in shock at the time of admission, 145 (90%) needed blood transfusion. Post partum hemorrhage was seen in 25(19%), Maternal death 5(3.8%) was seen in study population. Regarding perinatal outcome preterm delivery was seen in 73(55.7%), low APGAR score <7 at birth 41(31%), low birth weight 60(45.8%) and perinatal mortality rate was 35(26.7%).

Conclusion: It was concluded that Placenta previa is a serious condition with manifestation of significant maternal & perinatal morbidity and mortality. These complications can be reduced by provision of adequate antenatal care to every women and ultrasound examination for early diagnosis of placenta previa before symptoms arrival, reduce rate of caesarean section and provision of family planning services to reduce family size.