Pattern, Incidence and Mortality Rate of Acute Poisonings at Karachi- One Year Study

Abstract

Background: Poisoning is a socio medical problem in almost all parts of the world. The prevalence of poisoning,
types of poison and the associated morbidity and mortality varies from one country to another and even in one
country it varies from one place to another and it may change over a period of time.
Objective: To determine the pattern, incidence and mortality rate of acute poisoning by various agents, the types of
poisoning, vulnerable age group, outcome of patients with poisoning, and to find out the most common type of
poison used in Karachi in study period.
Study Design: Retrospective Study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at National Poisoning Control Center (NPCC), Jinnah
Post Graduate Medical Center, Karachi from 01-01- 2001 to 31-12- 2001.
Materials and Methods: A total of 1472 patients of both sex and age ranged from 8 years or older reported with
acute poisoning during the study period. Detailed history and examination regarding the nature of poisoning were
taken. Relevant investigations for purpose of diagnosis were carried out. Other relevant information was obtained
mainly by retrieving hospital records. Data was noted on predesigned proforma.
Results: Total 1472 patients were admitted with poisoning during the study period.
Out of them 897 (61%) were males while 575 (39%) were females. Male female ratio was 1.5:1.
Our study showed that highest number of patients 505 (34.30%) were belonged to age group 21-30 years followed
by 485 (32.94%) in 15-20 years and 245 (16.64%) in 31-40 years.
There were 59 poisoning related deaths among the 1472 patients, and of whom 45/59 deaths were of
organophosphorous compounds poisoning. Thus present study showed a mortality rate for poisoning 59 (4%).
Conclusion: Acute poisoning is a significant public health problem affecting mainly young adults. Main substances
responsible for acute poisoning are organophosphorous insecticides and drugs.