Complication and Causes of Hemolytic Anemia in Balochistan

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to review the topic and to pick up cases of hemolytic anemia and to analyze their 
causes and complications. 
Study Design: Observational and Investigative study.  
Place and Duration of Study: This Study was conducted in the Dept. of Medicine, of Bolan Medical College, 
Quetta from March 2010 to June 2011.  
Materials and Methods: 45 patients are included in our study .Their age ranged between 10 to 57 years with a 
mean age of 25 years. 33 were males and 12 females. About 62% of the patients turned out to have congenital 
hemoglobinopathies. Malaria was the predominant cause of hemolysis in acquired disease.  
of 
hemolysis 
After initial evaluation by history and physical examination, the following diagnostic approaches were used. 
Evidence 
(Bilirubin, 
heptoglobin, 
hemoglobinuria), 
evidence 
of 
erythropoiesis 
(reticulocytosis,nucleated RBCs).The main causes of hemolysis were stress on peripheral film and RBC 
morphology. RBC morphology was the main test to suggest the further types of laboratory evaluation. 
Results: About 42.2% cases turned out to have hemolysis due to congenital hemoglobinopathies. While pure beta 
thalassemia was seen in 20% and pure sickle cell disease in 6.6%, a combination of sickle/beta thalassemia was seen 
in 8.9%.In 4.4% sickle disease occurred in combination with HBc disease and 2.2% with HBD disease.G-6PD 
deficiency was seen in 17.8%.  
Conclusion: Hemoglobinopathies contribute maximally as the cause of hemolytic anemia. HBs/Beta thalassemia, 
HBS/HBC from a significant percentage of congenital hemoglobinopathies.