Antibiotic Sensitivity and Resistance Patterns in Complicated Urinary Tract Infections in Peshawar, Pakistan

Abstract

Objective: To study the patterns of antibiotic sensitivity and resistance in complicated urinary tract infections.

Study Design: Cross sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the department of Urology at the Institute of Kidney Diseases, Peshawar, Pakistan, from May 1, 2023 to October 31, 2023.

Methods: We collected 137 urine samples from patients diagnosed with complicated UTIs and culture and sensitivity tests were performed using standard microbiological techniques.

Results: Among the positive urine samples, E.coli was found in 78 (56.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae in 16 (11.7%) and Pseudomonas areuginosa in 14 (10.2%) of the positive cultures, respectively. Gram negative bacteria were highly sensitive to several antibiotics, including Fosfomycin (91.2%), Imipenem (84.0%), Meronem (83.3%), Amakicin (83.3%), Pipercillin/Tazobacrum (80.2%), and Nitrofuranroin (79.7%). However, they showed high resistance to Cefixime (85.5%), Ciprofloxacin (81.3%), and Co-amoxiclav (75.0%). On the other hand, Gram positive bacteria were highly sensitive to Piperaxillin/Tazobactum (100%), Imipenem (75.0%), and Meropenem (62.5%). Gram-positive bacteria showed high resistance to Cefixime and Moxifloxacin (100%), Ceftriaxone (78.6%) and Ciproflaxacin (75.0%).

Conclusion: E.coli was the most common uropathogen in patients with complicated UTIs. Nitrofurantoin, meropenem, imipenem, and amikacin were found to be effective against the majority of the bacteria. Conversely, most of the bacterial strains exhibited resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and cefixime.