Effects of Cleome Brachycarpa Ethanol Extract on Liver and Kidney Tissues of Rats: A Prospective Study Focusing on Histopathological Variations

Abstract

Objective: To know the histological and morphological changes after treating Cleome brachycarpa ethanol extract on liver and kidney tissues in rats.

Study Designs: Experimental/interventional comparative study.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, Baqai Medical College University, Karachi from 20 June 2014 to 15 Oct 2015.

Materials and Methods: Albino rats (200±5 grams) were collected from a maintained and well established animal house of Hussain Ebrahim Jamal (HEJ) Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi. The animals were housed for 12/12 hours light/dark cycle in the animal house of Baqai Medical University at a temperature of about 25±2Ċ. Animals in Group A (Control, n=09), albino rats (200±5 grams) were given normal saline orally. In Group B: (Test, n=09) in this group albino rats (200±5 grams) received Cleome brachycarpa extract 200 mg/kg orally for fifteen days.

Results: Few morphological and pathological changes were observed in the liver & kidney tissues of treated animals at the dose of 200 mg/kg.  Normal parenchyma (B) cells of liver were found, but in kidney tissues figure 2(B) mild tubulitis but in figure 2(C) intra-tubular neutrophilic cast (A) was found in figure 2(D) & no any other changes observed.  Significant congestion of portal tract (A) was found. Significant lobular inflammation (A) was found. Inflammatory calls were present in central vein and portal tract (A) Figure 1(d). No any fatty alteration and necrotic changes were found. Fibrotic changes, Steatosis and Cholestasis were not found but in kidney tissues figure 2(b) and c showed patchy tubulitis. Intratubular neutrophilic cast (A) was found in figure 1(d) and no any other change observed.

Conclusion: This study established that Cleome brachycarpa do not have marked effect on histopathological features of liver and kidneys. However, mild inflammation was seen in liver and kidneys which may be beneficial in remedial progression. Therefore the extract of Cleome brachycarpa is less toxic and further studies are required to determine its human consumption.