Risk Factors for Decompensation of Heart Failure in Patients with Established Left Ventricular Dysfunction

Abstract

Objective: This study was aimed to identify the risk factors for decompensation of heart failure in patients with established left ventricular dysfunction.

Study Design: Observational / descriptive / cross-sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Sandeman provincial hospital, Quetta from 15^th March till 14^th September 2015.

Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty patients of decompensated HF with established left ventricular dysfunction (Ejection Fraction <40 %) were included in the study. Information about factors for decompensation of HF was collected from patients through a proforma during their hospital admission. The data was analyzed on statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 16.

Results: Out of 150 patients, 59 % had ischemic heart disease while 41 % had non-ischemic heart disease. Non-compliance with diet and/or drug therapy (56.7% and 37.3%, respectively), cardiac arrhythmias (34%), lack of follow-up (26.7%), and intake of medications precipitating heart failure (20%) were the most common risk factors for decompensation of heart failure. Among other significant risk factors were infections (11.3%), anemia (10.7%) and myocardial ischemia (10.7%). Pregnancy (2.7%) and thyroid disorders (2.7%) were less common risk factors.

Conclusion: Majority of the risk factors for decompensation of heart failure appear to be preventable, and should thus be avoided with a better and more comprehensive control of heart failure in these patients.