The Evaluation of the Changes in Blood Pressure of Patients During Tooth Extraction

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in blood pressure of hypertensive patients having dental extraction under a local anesthetic containing epinephrine.

Study Design:  Cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Jinnah Medical & Dental College (JMDC) from January 2015 to April 2015.

Materials and Methods: The data was collected from the patients visiting the Oral Surgery OPD of Jinnah Medical & Dental Colleges, Karachi. The study was conducted at Jinnah Medical and Dental College to evaluate the changes in blood pressure of patient with a known history of hypertension controlled using medications. All the patients underwent uncomplicated dental extraction. The blood pressure was recorded at three times: before the local anesthesia, 3 minutes post local anesthesia, and 3 minutes post extraction.

2 % Lidocaine with adrenaline 1:180,000was used for local anesthesia.  Careful administration of anesthesia was ensured to avoid direct injection into the bloodstream. In majority of cases only 2 anesthetic ampules were used (only two patient required 3 ampules). The data was stored in excel worksheet and was analyzed using SPSS.

Results: The total sample size was 122 patients seen in the Oral and maxillofacial surgery department of JMDC. There were 52 females and 70 males. Mean age was 46.17 ±13.26 years (range 25-78). The age was further divided into four groups;

Group 1: 25-34, Group 2: 35-44, Group 3: 45-54, Group 4: 55 and above. There was no significant change in diastolic and systolic blood pressure blood pressure at three time points. Paired sample T test was used, the only significant difference was in SBP before (SBP1) and after anesthesia (SBP2) (t= -2.28 p=0.045). No significant change noticed in the DBP values at DBP1, DBP2 and DBP3. Amongst the age group the significant variation in systolic blood pressure was seen in the age group 3 and 4.

Conclusion: This study was conducted to find out the changes in blood pressure of patients with a known history of hypertension controlled using medications. The study showed no significant changes in the observed parameters.