Assessment of Interleukin-1 Alpha,Interleukin-1 Beta, and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Thi-Qar, Iraq

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the changes in interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta, malondialdehyde and oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein in serum of elderly and non-elderly patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Study Design: Cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Al-Nasiriya Heart Center and the Biochemistry Laboratory of the College of Science, University of Thi-Qar, from 1st October 2024 to 31st March 2025.

Methodology: 120 samples were enrolled. Sixty patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were divided by age into two groups: thirty elderly patients (aged 60-79) and thirty non-elderly patients (aged 20- 59), in addition to sixty individuals from the same age groups were divided as a control groups (30 elderly/ 30 non-elderly).

Results: The significant increases (P≤0.05) in oxidized low-density lipoprotein, malondialdehyde, interleukin-1 alpha, and interleukin-1β concentrations in elderly patients compared to non-elderly patients. In healthy individuals, significant increases in malondialdehyde and interleukin-1 alpha levels were observed only in the elderly group.
Moreover, both the elderly and non-elderly patient groups showed significantly higher levels of all the studied parameters compared to their corresponding control groups (P≤0.05).

Conclusion: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammatory activity, with these abnormalities being more pronounced in elderly patients. The aging may amplify oxidative and inflammatory processes involved in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.