Management of Prevention of Major Behavioral Factors Leading to an Increased Risk of Stroke

Abstract

Objective: To assess lay public knowledge of stroke and self-reported behavioral risk factors relevant to stroke prevention in a Slovak questionnaire sample.

Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Bratislava, Slovak Republic from 1st February 2025 31st July 2025.

Methods: Data were taken from a self-administered questionnaire distributed online and in printed form to the lay public. Items assessed demographics, stroke definition and symptoms, smoking, alcohol, overweight, fruit and vegetable intake, and sport. Frequencies and percentages were calculated; multiple-response items used 128 respondents as the denominator unless stated.

Results: Among 128 respondents, 65 (50.8%) were female, and 46 (35.9%) were aged 19-25 years. Ninety-five (74.2%) selected the correct stroke definition. Symptom recognition was highest for speech impairment (111;
86.7%), unilateral limb weakness (80; 62.5%) and facial droop (66; 51.6%), but lower for sudden visual disturbance (46; 35.9%). Regular smoking was reported by 75 (58.6%), and regular alcohol use by 84 (65.6%). Self-reported
overweight was present in 50 (39.1%). Regular sport was reported by 69 (53.9%); among them, 34 (49.3%) exercised once weekly.

Conclusion: The sample showed reasonable general knowledge of stroke, but incomplete recognition of key warning symptoms and substantial exposure to modifiable behavioral risks. Prevention should combine stroke
symptom awareness with smoking and alcohol prevention, weight control, dietary counselling and regular physical activity promotion.