Investigating the Relationship Between Osteoporosis and Tooth Loss in Postmenopausal Women

Abstract

Objective: This case-control study aimed to determine whether osteoporosis is associated with tooth loss in postmenopausal women.

Study Design: A case-control study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Al-Farahidi University / College of Dentistry, Baghdad Iraq between January and September 2024.

Methods: A total of 400 postmenopausal women aged 50–75 years were enrolled, including 200 with osteoporosis (bone mineral density T-score < -2.5) and 200 without osteoporosis (T-score > -1.0). Data on age, body mass index, cigarette use, diabetes, and dental hygiene were collected, and clinical dental examinations were conducted.

Results: Women with osteoporosis had a significantly higher rate of severe tooth loss (<20 teeth) compared to those without osteoporosis (77.5% vs. 40.0%; p < 0.001) and a considerably lower number of remaining teeth (14.2 ± 7.5 vs. 20.8 ± 5.9; p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, osteoporosis remained a robust independent predictor of severe tooth loss (adjusted odds ratio: 3.15, 95% CI: 1.98–5.01, p < 0.001). Periodontitis was identified as the primary cause of tooth extractions in osteoporotic women.

Conclusion: A strong correlation exists between osteoporosis and tooth loss in postmenopausal women, highlighting the need for integrated medical and dental care.