Synthesis of Kaempferol-Cr (III) Complex and study its Effect on Bax and Bcl-2 Genes Expression in SW480 Cell Lines

Abstract

Objective: Impact of a kaempferol-Cr(III) complex on the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 genes in the SW480 after 24 hours of treatment and to highlight the complex’s potential role in promotion.

Study Design: Experimental study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal
Plants, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Iraq from 1st June 2022 to 30th November 2022.

Methods: Kaempferol and its Cr(III) complex were successfully synthesized and examined through FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, EI-MS, and HPLC analyses. Their anti-proliferative effects were tested using the MTT assay on SW480 and normal HDFn, with IC50 values calculated to determine cytotoxic activity.

Results: Treatment with the kaempferol–Cr(III) complex significantly suppressed the viability of SW480 colorectal cancer cells more effectively than kaempferol alone, with negligible impact on healthy cells. Gene expression profiling via real-time PCR demonstrated an elevation in Bax levels alongside a reduction in Bcl-2 expression after 24 hours, indicating the induction of apoptosis. These findings point to the complex’s ability to trigger programmed cell death through modulation of apoptotic gene expression, supporting its potential as a promising chemotherapeutic agent

Conclusion: Kaempferol-Cr(III) complex exhibits anticancer properties. When compared to ligand alone, this compound has demonstrated a noticeably greater lethal effect in experiments using the SW480 cancer cell line.