A Clinical Observational Study on the Effects of Oral Surgical Procedures on the Development and Advancement of Immune-Mediated Disorders

Abstract

Objective: To assess the one‐year incidence of immune‐mediated disorders following common oral surgical procedures and identify associated risk factors.

Study Design: Observational / Analytical / Cohort study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the university‐affiliated dental clinic from 1st May 2024 to 31st April 2025, with each patient followed for 12 months postoperatively.

Methods: Patients without prior autoimmune disease were followed for 12 months. Data included demographics, smoking, family history, comorbidities, surgical details, and postoperative infections. Biomarkers (CBC, CRP, ESR, ANA, RF) were measured pre‐ and postoperatively. Multivariate logistic regression and ROC analysis evaluated predictors of new immune disorders.

Results: Seventeen percent developed immune‐mediated diseases. Postoperative infection raised risk (37.5% vs. 10.5%; adjusted OR 3.18; p = 0.023). Implant surgery was most associated with Behçet’s disease (50%), orthognathic surgery with lichen planus (50%), and extractions with Sjögren’s syndrome (40%) (overall p = 0.017). CRP mean levels were higher in affected patients (μ≈20 mg/L vs. μ≈5 mg/L); ROC for CRP yielded AUC 0.88, with 12 mg/L cutoff (85% sensitivity, 80% specificity).

Conclusion: Oral surgical trauma—especially when infected—may precipitate immune‐mediated diseases. Preoperative screening and postoperative CRP monitoring could enable earlier detection in high‐risk patients.