Association of Biochemical Factors with Hypertension: A Public Health Strategy for Early Detection and Prevention in Mirpur, AJK

Abstract

Objective: To examine the biochemical factors associated with hypertension and evaluate a public health approach for early detection and prevention in Mirpur, AJK.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of   Community Medicine & Medicine of  DHQ Hospital & MBBS Medical College, Mirpur AJK from 10^th  July 2023 to 20^th  April 2024.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 350 adults aged 30–65 years from Mirpur, AJK. Biochemical screenings were performed to assess markers, including blood lipid profiles, blood glucose levels, and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukins). Blood pressure measurements were taken, and participants were grouped according to hypertension status. Data on lifestyle factors, including diet, physical activity, and family history, were also collected.

Results: Elevated blood pressure was significantly associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers (CRP: r=0.63, p<0.001), dyslipidemia (total cholesterol: r=0.56, p<0.01), and impaired glucose metabolism (fasting glucose: r=0.48, p<0.01). Lifestyle factors such as low physical activity and poor diet were prevalent in hypertensive individuals. Public health interventions focusing on early screening, dietary improvements, and increased physical activity were shown to result in a significant reduction in blood pressure among participants at risk (mean reduction: 9 mmHg systolic, 6 mmHg diastolic, p<0.001).

Conclusion: Biochemical factors such as inflammation, dyslipidemia, and glucose metabolism abnormalities were strongly associated with hypertension in Mirpur, AJK. There is a need for targeted public health programs to focus on early screening and preventive measures in the region.